• Have adequate sleep before starting your journey.
• Avoid heavy meals before starting your journey.
• Plan a 15-minute break for every two hours of driving.
• Avoid taking medication that causes drowsiness.
• Stop in a safe place and take a break at the first sign of tiredness.
• Drink two cups of coffee or an equivalent caffeinated drink.
• Take a short nap of around 15-20 minutes.

Driving when tired or unwell impairs judgement and slows reaction time, leading to delayed responses and late braking. This contributes to many rear-end collisions. It also affects coordination which can result in variance in speed – slowing down and speeding up. Tired drivers also have what is known as microsleeps, which last from a fraction of a second to 2 seconds. At 56mph a van travels 25m/sec, so microsleeping for two seconds means 50m of unconscious travel.

Motorways and dual carriageways are the most common roads for sleep- related road incidents, due to the monotonous road environment and lack of interruptions. Collisions caused by drivers falling asleep involve vehicles running off the road or into the back of another vehicle. They tend to be high-speed impact collisions with an increased likelihood of death or serious injury.